Historical Context

Colonial era Sri Lanka

Colonial era Sri Lanka (1871-1948)

Sri Lanka's population journey began in 1871 with its first modern census, recording 2.4 million people. The colonial period (1871-1948) saw steady growth, with the population reaching 6.7 million by independence.

Rapid Population Growth

In just 150 years, Sri Lanka's population has increased nearly 9-fold, from 2.4 million in 1871 to 21.8 million in 2024. This remarkable growth reflects the country's development journey from colonial rule to modern nationhood.

9x Population Growth
150 Years of Data

Demographic Transition

Sri Lanka has undergone a remarkable demographic transition. The highest growth occurred between 1953-1963 (30.7% increase), followed by a gradual slowdown. Today's growth rate of 0.5% reflects successful family planning and improved healthcare.

30.7% Peak Growth (1953-63)
0.5% Current Growth

Regional Distribution

The Western Province (Colombo, Gampaha, Kalutara) remains the most populous region, while the Northern and Eastern provinces show varying growth patterns due to historical events and development initiatives.

5.8M Western Province
332 People/km²

Population Trends Analysis

Early Growth (1871-1946)

Steady growth averaging 1.4% annually, influenced by colonial development and improved healthcare.

  • 1871: 2.4 million
  • 1946: 6.7 million
  • Average growth: 1.4% per year

Post-Independence Boom (1946-1971)

Rapid population growth following independence, with improved healthcare and living conditions.

  • Peak growth: 2.8% (1953-1963)
  • 1971 population: 12.7 million
  • Healthcare improvements

Modern Era (1971-Present)

Gradual slowdown in growth rates due to successful family planning and social development.

  • Current growth: 0.5%
  • 2024 population: 21.8 million
  • Urban concentration

Future Population Projections

Based on current trends, Sri Lanka's population is expected to:

  • Reach approximately 23 million by 2030
  • Experience slower growth rates (0.3-0.4% annually)
  • Face demographic challenges with an aging population
  • See increased urbanization, particularly in the Western Province
Sri Lanka Population Pyramid

Projected Population Pyramid (2024-2030)

Modern Population Distribution

Modern Colombo city view showing urban population concentration

Modern Colombo - The capital city and most populous urban area in Sri Lanka

The Western Province, particularly the Colombo Metropolitan Region, continues to be the center of population concentration in Sri Lanka. This urbanization trend reflects the country's economic development and changing demographic patterns.